Treatise on Basic Philosophy

of Ontology II.- 1. System.- 1. Basic Concepts.- 2. System Representations.- 3. Basic Assumptions.- 4. Systemicity.- 5. Concluding Remarks.- 2. Chemism.- 1. Chemical System.- 2. Biochemical System.- 3. Life.- 1. From Chemism to Life.- 2. Biofunction.- 3. Evolution.- 4. Concluding Remarks.- 4. Mind.- 1. Central Nervous System.- 2. Brain States.- 3. Sensation to Valuation.- 4. Recall to Knowledge.- 5. Self to Society.- 6. Concluding Remarks.- 5. Society.- 1. Human Society.- 2. Social Subsystems and Supersystems.- 3. Economy, Culture, and Polity.- 4. Social Structure.- 5. Social Change.- 6. Concluding Remarks.- 6. A Systemic World View.- 6.1. A World of Systems.- 6.2. System Genera.- 6.3. Novelty Sources.- 6.4. Emergence.- 6.5. Systemism Supersedes Atomism and Holism.- 6.6. Synopsis.- Appendix A. System models.- 1. Input-Output Models.- 1.1. The Black Box.- 1.2. Connecting Black Boxes.- 1.3. Control System.- 1.4. Stability and Breakdown.- 2. Grey Box Models.- 2.1. Generalities.- 2.2. Deterministic Automata.- 2.3. Probabilistic Automata.- 2.4. Information Systems.- Appendix B. Change models.- 1 Kinematical Models.- 1.1. Global Kinematics.- 1.2. Analytical Kinematics.- 1.3. Balance Equations.- 1.4. Lagrangian Framework.- 1.5. Kinematical Analogy.- 2. Dynamical Models.- 2.1. Generalities.- 2.2. Formalities.- 2.3. The Pervasiveness of Cooperation and Competition.- 2.4. The Dynamics of Competitive-Cooperative Processes.- 3. Qualitative Change Models.- 3.1. Kinematical: Birth and Death Operators.- 3.2. Dynamical: Random Hits.- Index of Names.- Index of Subjects.