Panama Canal Construction (1904-14)

Revised Edition - April 2018: My great-grandfather, Pedro Hernández Díaz Leal, contract employee # 7604 was hired by the Isthmian Canal Commission (I. C. C.), and arrived at the Cristobal dock on October 21, 1907. As one of forty eight other workers, sailing from Vigo (Spain) and transported on the SS Taurus, Pedro was assigned to excavation work in the Culebra Cut. Because of the harsh living conditions for the Silver Payroll workers, Pedro elected to live in a jungle hut near the work area where he could hunt, fish, and plant his own food. A year and a half later, already settled and with enough savings, he purchased steamship tickets for his wife (Rosa) and their children (Julio and Genaro) who joined him in Panama in early 1909. Julio began working at the Culebra Cut, in 1910, as a water boy. Later, he was promoted to car repairman in Gorgona (1911) and machinist in Empire (1913). As the construction of the Canal advanced, the Hernández family moved to various labor camps in Gorgona, Empire, and Bas Obispo. After the opening of the Canal, they resided in La Boca and Balboa until 1950. This book takes us back to that historic period through postcards, tales, and facts. Some postcards from before 1904 (or after 1914) are also included. Because of space limitations, the longer titles on the postcards were shortened. The images presented in each chapter, more often than not, are in chronological order. This proved to be a very difficult task as they did not have dates present in them. Attached to each postcard is a text referring to the content or title of each photo. Some of the tales and facts written on the images sound inappropriate today, but that was the writing style back in 1900-1910s. A bibliography is included for those who wish to delve into the topics presented. This has been a fascinating experience. I hope that lovers of photography and history enjoy it, especially those whose ancestors worked in the Isthmian Canal Commission or lived in the Panama Canal Zone.