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Fixed Functional Appliances
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Fixed functional appliances in orthodontics are appliances that are attached to the teeth and work continuously to correct skeletal Class II malocclusion, particularly mandibular retrusion. They are mainly used in growing patients to advance the mandible forward, producing both skeletal and dentoalveolar changes. Since they are fixed in the mouth, their effectiveness does not depend on patient compliance. Common examples include the Herbst appliance, Jasper Jumper, Forsus, and MARA. Although they provide continuous force and efficient correction, they may cause discomfort, appliance breakage, and have limited effectiveness in non-growing patients.
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