Dynamic and Cyclic Reverse Osmosis Processes

Dynamic and Cyclic Reverse Osmosis Processes: Fundamentals and Applications examines advanced reverse osmosis (RO) systems operated under cyclic, transient, and time-varying conditions. It covers closed-circuit RO (CCRO), batch and semi-batch RO, flow-reversal RO, and variants, and renewable-energy-driven operation. Thermodynamic principles, optimal-control methods, and spatiotemporal modeling are used to analyze energy consumption, recovery limits, salt transport, concentration polarization, flushing, scaling risk, and operational trade-offs. Pilot-scale and full-scale case studies connect the theoretical framework with practical design, monitoring, and operation. Develops thermodynamic and optimal-control frameworks for analyzing energy consumption, recovery limits, and operating trade-offs in dynamic and cyclic RO systems. Uses spatiotemporal and reduced-order models to describe salt transport, residence-time and axial-dispersion effects, concentration polarization, flushing, scaling exposure, and history-dependent (hysteretic) RO performance. Presents practical case studies from pilot- and full-scale systems, including projects associated with the City of Santa Monica and the Orange County Water District.