Reference in Visual Impairment

The book before us is a contribution to the field of visual impairment, comprising twelve chapters and one appendix. The first chapter, "e;Introduction to the Study of Visual Impairment,"e; addresses the sense of sight from a developmental perspective and its importance. The second chapter presents the structure of the visual system (the eye), its parts and functions, and the disorders of these functions according to the constituent parts. The chapter concludes with a detailed explanation of the process of vision: how it occurs and its mechanisms. The third chapter examines the varying definitions of visual impairment, which differ according to different perspectives. It presents linguistic, medical, legal, educational, and social definitions of visual impairment, followed by the classifications recorded by researchers on visually impaired individuals. It then discusses the prevalence and spread of visual impairment and concludes by addressing some misconceptions and refuting them with ideas that correct these misconceptions. Chapter Four addresses the causes and factors of visual impairment in light of the developmental stage at which it occurred, certain environmental variables and conditions, practices harmful to the eyes, aging, and eye diseases. Chapter Five focuses on methods of preventing visual impairment. Chapter Six, in two sections, examines some concerning visual indicators that suggest defects and problems in the eyes, as well as the fields and tools used to measure vision. Chapter Seven discusses the effects of visual impairment on aspects of physical, sensory, motor, linguistic, cognitive, emotional, psychosocial, and academic development, among other aspects. Chapter Eight addresses the needs of people with visual impairments in light of the effects of having a visual impairment, and in light of their general educational needs and their special educational needs. Chapter Nine deals with the process of psychological counseling for the visually impaired and their families in terms of definition, objectives and areas. In Chapter Ten, the author addresses early intervention programs for children with visual impairments. In Chapter Eleven, the author presents the multidisciplinary team working with children with visual impairments. The author concludes the chapters of his book with a chapter in which he presents in detail the process of rehabilitating the visually impaired.